Gideon v. Wainwright

1963

Venue: SCOTUS

Facts: Turns out it's a felony to break in to someplace with the intention of committing a misdemeanor. And at this point, there's appointed counsel only for capital cases.

Posture: Guilty at trial, affirmed by FL SC.

Issue: Should Betts v. Brady, holding that states were not required to appoint counsel for felonies, be overruled?

Holding: Yes. Reversed.

Rule: Representation is fundamental and essential to a fair trial.

Reasoning: The state feels it needs lawyers in order to try you, so it stands to reason that you should have one too.

Dicta: Douglas, concurring: incorporated rights are not watered-down versions of the ones in the bill of rights.

Clark, concurring: the constitution makes no distinction between capital and non-capital crimes.

Harlan, concurring: the states have different interests, face different problems, and their actions have different consequences than the federal government; maybe we are painting with too broad a brush here.