Summers v. Tice

1948

Venue: CA SC

Facts: Two guys shoot their identically loaded identical shotguns simultaneously and with negligence. Plaintiff is struck in the eye and the lip.

Posture: Finding for plaintiff at trial, with judgment awarded against both defendants, due to the impossibility of figuring out whose pellets did the hitting.

Issue: Can judgment against both defendants stand?

Holding: Yes. Affirmed.

Rule: To do otherwise would be to exonerate both.

Reasoning: This is sort of like res ipsa loquitur. Plus, these folks are both wrong-doers.

Dicta: Note that only one pellet hit the eye: it could only have come from one gun. So they're not both equally the source of the harm.